REPORTED SPEECH
Melaporkan /
menceritakan kembali ucapan yang pernah dilakukan oleh orang lain.
Type Direct
Speech Indirect Speech RemarkStatementS + P + O
Julia
said, “I need the money for the dictionary”
S + Reporting
Verb + That + S
Julia
said that she needed the money for the dictionaryPresent verb1
→
Past verb2Past
verb 2
→
Past perfect
verb3Past verb 2
→
bisa juga
tetapBoleh tidak berubah bila kita melaporkansesuatu yang dirasa masih betul
hingga kiniatau tidak berubah esensinya
Question wordQW
+ S + P + O ?
Sheila asked,
“Why don’t you come to the party”
S + Reporting
Verb + QW + S + To Be
Sheila asked me
why I didn’t come to the party
Prohibition/Command(
To be – not ) P + complement
Ran
i told me,
“Don’t be late, or you’ll die”
Andri told
Yeyen
, “Bring your
camera, please!”
S + Reporting
Verb + Not To + Complement
Rani told me
not to be late, or I’ll die
Andri
told Yeyen to bring her cameraPerubahan kata kerja tidak terjadi
Request
… Modal Aux + to be …
Andi asked me,
“Would you like to come”
S + Reporting Verb + Whether/If + S + …
Andi asked me
whether/if I would like to comePresent verb1
→
Past verb2Past
verb 2
→
Past perfect
verb3Past verb 2
→
bisa juga tetap
Yes/noTo be + S
+ P + O ?
Rani asked me,
“Do you understand the lesson?”
S + Reporting Verb + Whether/If + S + …
Rani asked me
whether/if understood the lesson
Sentences
Sentences Direct And Indirect
When the reported speech stated that the actual words, this is called direct speech (direct line). Sentences are not connected by "that" it shall be marked with (punctuation) coma.
When the reported speech to the main content of words used by the speaker and not the actual words are called indirect speech (indirect line). In indirect speech sentences were associated with the word "that".
Form of the reporting verb is not changed, but the reported speech form should be modified based on the reporting verb form.
Two-way transformation of the time in reported speech:
Regulation I
If the reporting verb is past tense, present tense verb in reported speech must be converted into one of four forms of past tense.
Direct Speech - Indirect Speech
Simple Present - be - Simple Past
He said "The woman comes" That the woman He said CAME
From the above examples we can conclude the changes to the form of reported speech as follows:
Direct Speech
Simple Present
Present continuous
Present perfect
Present perfect continuous
Simple past
Past continuous
Future
Present
Indirect Speech
Simple past
Past continuous
Past perfect
Past perfect continuous
Past perfect
Past perfect continuous
Exceptions:
If the reported speech related to general truths or facts that have become
habit, or the simple present indefinite present in the reported speech is not transformed into
the past tense is appropriate, but still just as adanmya, for example:
Direct Speech - Indirect Speech
He said, "The Sun Rises in the east" - He said That the sun Rises in the east
In reported speech, when the present tense changed to past tense with the rules I, adjectives, verbs or adverbs generally changed:
Direct Speech
this = this= these are
When the reported speech stated that the actual words, this is called direct speech (direct line). Sentences are not connected by "that" it shall be marked with (punctuation) coma.
When the reported speech to the main content of words used by the speaker and not the actual words are called indirect speech (indirect line). In indirect speech sentences were associated with the word "that".
Form of the reporting verb is not changed, but the reported speech form should be modified based on the reporting verb form.
Two-way transformation of the time in reported speech:
Regulation I
If the reporting verb is past tense, present tense verb in reported speech must be converted into one of four forms of past tense.
Direct Speech - Indirect Speech
Simple Present - be - Simple Past
He said "The woman comes" That the woman He said CAME
From the above examples we can conclude the changes to the form of reported speech as follows:
Direct Speech
Simple Present
Present continuous
Present perfect
Present perfect continuous
Simple past
Past continuous
Future
Present
Indirect Speech
Simple past
Past continuous
Past perfect
Past perfect continuous
Past perfect
Past perfect continuous
Exceptions:
If the reported speech related to general truths or facts that have become
habit, or the simple present indefinite present in the reported speech is not transformed into
the past tense is appropriate, but still just as adanmya, for example:
Direct Speech - Indirect Speech
He said, "The Sun Rises in the east" - He said That the sun Rises in the east
In reported speech, when the present tense changed to past tense with the rules I, adjectives, verbs or adverbs generally changed:
Direct Speech
this = this= these are
come = to come
here = here,
here
Hence = from
here
Hither = to this place
ago = ago
now = now
today= today
tomorrow = tomorrow
yesterday = yesterday
last night = last night
next week = next week
Thus Spake = this
example:
He said, "I will come here".
Indirect Speech
That = was
Those = the
go = go
there = over there, over there
thence = from there
thither = to that place
before = first
then = at that time
that day = day
The next day next day =
the previous day = the day before
the previous night = night before
Following the week = next week
so = so
Hither = to this place
ago = ago
now = now
today= today
tomorrow = tomorrow
yesterday = yesterday
last night = last night
next week = next week
Thus Spake = this
example:
He said, "I will come here".
Indirect Speech
That = was
Those = the
go = go
there = over there, over there
thence = from there
thither = to that place
before = first
then = at that time
that day = day
The next day next day =
the previous day = the day before
the previous night = night before
Following the week = next week
so = so
He said That he
would go there
But if this, here, now and so indicate on the object, place or time when the talking, then do not change.
Agus said, "This is my pen". - Agus said That this was his pen
(When talking pen in the hands of the speaker)
Regulation II
1) When the news reported speech sentences
With regulatory reporting verb is considered in the present or future tense and anytime this particular case, the form of the verb in reported speech are not changed at all in changing direct into indirect speech.
Reporting verb - Reported speech
Present tense - Any tense (form any time)
Direct: She says to her friend, "I have been writing".
Indirect: She says to her friend That he has been writing. (No change)
Direct: She has told you, "I am reading".
Indirect: She has told you That he is reading. (No change)
Direct: She will say, "You have done wrongly".
Indirect: She will tell you That you have done wrongly. (No change)
Direct: She will say, "The boy Was not lazy".
Indirect: She will tell them the Boy That Was not lazy. (No change)
2) If the reported speech is an interrogative sentence
a) Reporting verb say or ask or tell converted to inquire. By repeating words and asked to change tenses when asked the question begins with the word preached.
Direct
He said to me, "Where are you going?"
He said to me, "What are you doing?"
Indirect
He asked me where I was going
He inquired of me what I was doing
b) Using the if or whether as a link between reporting and reported speech and verb tenses change, if the question begins with a verb reported:
Direct
He said to me, "Are you going
away today? "
He asked me, "can you come along?"
Indirect
He asked me whether I was
going away that day.
He asked me if I Could come along.
3) The sentence commands (imperative sentences)
If the reported speech is a command line, reporting verbs say or tell to be converted into a particular verb that indicates:
* · Command (command), for example, ordered, commanded, etc. which means sent, ordered.
* · Precept (guidance, counseling, education), for example, advised that means advising.
* · Request (petition), for example, asked that means asking, begging.
* · Entreaty (urgent request), for example, begged that means asking, begging (very).
* · Prohibition (ban), for example, forbade that means banning.
In a change from the direct sentences into indirect sentences, imperative mode should be replaced with the infinitive. Strictly speaking, reported verb (a verb or a verb reported in reported speech) should be changed to the infinitive with to.
a) Command:
Direct: He said to his servant, "Go away at once!"
Indirect: He ordered his servant to go away at once
b) Precept:
Direct: She said to her son, "Study hard!"
Indirect: He advised her son to study hard
c) Request:
But if this, here, now and so indicate on the object, place or time when the talking, then do not change.
Agus said, "This is my pen". - Agus said That this was his pen
(When talking pen in the hands of the speaker)
Regulation II
1) When the news reported speech sentences
With regulatory reporting verb is considered in the present or future tense and anytime this particular case, the form of the verb in reported speech are not changed at all in changing direct into indirect speech.
Reporting verb - Reported speech
Present tense - Any tense (form any time)
Direct: She says to her friend, "I have been writing".
Indirect: She says to her friend That he has been writing. (No change)
Direct: She has told you, "I am reading".
Indirect: She has told you That he is reading. (No change)
Direct: She will say, "You have done wrongly".
Indirect: She will tell you That you have done wrongly. (No change)
Direct: She will say, "The boy Was not lazy".
Indirect: She will tell them the Boy That Was not lazy. (No change)
2) If the reported speech is an interrogative sentence
a) Reporting verb say or ask or tell converted to inquire. By repeating words and asked to change tenses when asked the question begins with the word preached.
Direct
He said to me, "Where are you going?"
He said to me, "What are you doing?"
Indirect
He asked me where I was going
He inquired of me what I was doing
b) Using the if or whether as a link between reporting and reported speech and verb tenses change, if the question begins with a verb reported:
Direct
He said to me, "Are you going
away today? "
He asked me, "can you come along?"
Indirect
He asked me whether I was
going away that day.
He asked me if I Could come along.
3) The sentence commands (imperative sentences)
If the reported speech is a command line, reporting verbs say or tell to be converted into a particular verb that indicates:
* · Command (command), for example, ordered, commanded, etc. which means sent, ordered.
* · Precept (guidance, counseling, education), for example, advised that means advising.
* · Request (petition), for example, asked that means asking, begging.
* · Entreaty (urgent request), for example, begged that means asking, begging (very).
* · Prohibition (ban), for example, forbade that means banning.
In a change from the direct sentences into indirect sentences, imperative mode should be replaced with the infinitive. Strictly speaking, reported verb (a verb or a verb reported in reported speech) should be changed to the infinitive with to.
a) Command:
Direct: He said to his servant, "Go away at once!"
Indirect: He ordered his servant to go away at once
b) Precept:
Direct: She said to her son, "Study hard!"
Indirect: He advised her son to study hard
c) Request:
Direct: He said
to his friend, "Please Lend me your pen?"
Indirect: He asked his friend to be kind enough to Lend him his pencil
d) Entreaty:
Direct: He said to his master, "Pardon me, sir"
Indirect: He begged his master to pardon him.
e) Prohibition:
Direct: She said to her daughter, "Do not go there"
Indirect: She forbade her daughter to go there
If the reporting verb say or tell converted into a verb reported ask, order, command, etc. (but if not forbid), the predicate is converted into the infinitive with to, which is preceded by a note or no + infinitive with to.
Direct: She said to her daughter, "Do not go there"
Indirect: She asked herdaughter not to go there.
4) Sentence exciting (exclamatory sentences)
When the reported speech consists of words or phrases called optative, reporting verb say
or should be changed to tell the particular verb such as exclaim, cry out,
pray and so on.
a) Exclamatory sentences
Direct: He said, "Hurrah! My old friend has come "
Indirect: He exclaimed with joy That his old friend had come.
b) Optative sentences (sentences that express hope, praise, etc.)
Direct: He said, "God bless you, my dear son"
Indirect: He prayed That God would bless his dear son
Indirect: He asked his friend to be kind enough to Lend him his pencil
d) Entreaty:
Direct: He said to his master, "Pardon me, sir"
Indirect: He begged his master to pardon him.
e) Prohibition:
Direct: She said to her daughter, "Do not go there"
Indirect: She forbade her daughter to go there
If the reporting verb say or tell converted into a verb reported ask, order, command, etc. (but if not forbid), the predicate is converted into the infinitive with to, which is preceded by a note or no + infinitive with to.
Direct: She said to her daughter, "Do not go there"
Indirect: She asked herdaughter not to go there.
4) Sentence exciting (exclamatory sentences)
When the reported speech consists of words or phrases called optative, reporting verb say
or should be changed to tell the particular verb such as exclaim, cry out,
pray and so on.
a) Exclamatory sentences
Direct: He said, "Hurrah! My old friend has come "
Indirect: He exclaimed with joy That his old friend had come.
b) Optative sentences (sentences that express hope, praise, etc.)
Direct: He said, "God bless you, my dear son"
Indirect: He prayed That God would bless his dear son
EXERCISE REPORTED SPEECH
·
The new corners .................
together without any trouble since 1990 they get some disturbances.
·
My children have
played the chess.
This sentence means : My children ...................................................
This sentence means : My children ...................................................
·
By the end of next semester, she ..............
writing her thesis completely.
·
The system analyst
design had died when his software program .............. on
television internationally.
·
I'm completely free
now because I .......... all my work.
·
Joni : Did the
teacher give you the homework yesterday ?
Dodo : Yes did. But I ............. it yet. I was very sleepy last night.
Dodo : Yes did. But I ............. it yet. I was very sleepy last night.
·
We are late. But I
expect that class ........... by the time we get to the class.
·
Rina : "Is your
father still in Jakarta ?"
Ari : "No, He .......... in Bandung since”.
Mother : "Rosy where are you ?
Ari : "No, He .......... in Bandung since”.
Mother : "Rosy where are you ?
·
Rosy : " here,
in the room. I ............. my home work".
·
Tom : I didn't see
your brother when I visited you yesterday.
Bob : He ............ his bike in the garage.
Bob : He ............ his bike in the garage.
·
The
woman says to him: “you play the piano well.”
The girl says to him that ………….
A. you play the piano well.
B. he play the piano well
C. he plays the piano well
D. he played the piano well
E. you played the piano well
The girl says to him that ………….
A. you play the piano well.
B. he play the piano well
C. he plays the piano well
D. he played the piano well
E. you played the piano well
·
“Did
he leave a message for me?”
“yes, he said………. tonight”.
A. he called you
B. he would call him
C. you called her
D. he would call you
E. I would call you
“yes, he said………. tonight”.
A. he called you
B. he would call him
C. you called her
D. he would call you
E. I would call you
·
“You
mustn’t forget what I told you.”
She told me ………..
A. that I hadn’t to forget what she had told me
B. that I didn’t have to forget what I had told her.
C. that I mustn’t have forgotten what I told you.
D. that I didn’t have to forget what she had told me
E. that I was not to forget what she had told me.sing so loudly
She told me ………..
A. that I hadn’t to forget what she had told me
B. that I didn’t have to forget what I had told her.
C. that I mustn’t have forgotten what I told you.
D. that I didn’t have to forget what she had told me
E. that I was not to forget what she had told me.sing so loudly
·
Tony
said to me: “Why does she sing so loudly?”
A. Tony said to me why does she sing so loudly
B. Tony asked me why did she sing so loudly.
C. Tony asked why does she sing so loudly
D. Tony asked me why she sang so loudly
E. Tony asked me why she did sing so loudly
A. Tony said to me why does she sing so loudly
B. Tony asked me why did she sing so loudly.
C. Tony asked why does she sing so loudly
D. Tony asked me why she sang so loudly
E. Tony asked me why she did sing so loudly
·
“How
many pieces of bread can you eat?” She said
A. She said how many pieces of bread I can eat
B. She wanted to know how many pieces of bread you cculd eat
C. She asked how could I eat a lot of bread
D. She asked how many pieces of bread I could eat
E. “Where did you go four days ago?” John asked.
A. She said how many pieces of bread I can eat
B. She wanted to know how many pieces of bread you cculd eat
C. She asked how could I eat a lot of bread
D. She asked how many pieces of bread I could eat
E. “Where did you go four days ago?” John asked.
·
Tony
asked …….
A. where did I go four days ago
B. where I did go four days ago
C. Where I had gone four days before
D. where I had gone four days ago.
E. where I went four days before
A. where did I go four days ago
B. where I did go four days ago
C. Where I had gone four days before
D. where I had gone four days ago.
E. where I went four days before
·
“Did
you have an assignment last month? Father asked me
Father asked me ……
A. did I have an assignment last month
B. I did have an assignment last month
C. if I had had an assignment the month before
D. if I did have an assignment the month before
E. if I had had an assignment the month before
Father asked me ……
A. did I have an assignment last month
B. I did have an assignment last month
C. if I had had an assignment the month before
D. if I did have an assignment the month before
E. if I had had an assignment the month before
·
“Were
you at the party last night?” Tony said.
A. Tony said that I was at the party the night be tofore
B. Tony wanted to know if he was at the party the night before
C. Tony asked me if I was at the party
D. Tony wanted to know if I had been at the party the night before
E. Tony said to me that I had been at the party the night before
A. Tony said that I was at the party the night be tofore
B. Tony wanted to know if he was at the party the night before
C. Tony asked me if I was at the party
D. Tony wanted to know if I had been at the party the night before
E. Tony said to me that I had been at the party the night before
·
Rudy
said to me, “Can I help you find a hotel?”
A. Rudy asked me if I could help her find a hotel
B. I wondered if my friend could help me find a hotel
C. Rudy said that I could help me find a hotel
D. Rudy asked me to find a hotel for him
E. Rudy asked me whether he could help me find a hotel
A. Rudy asked me if I could help her find a hotel
B. I wondered if my friend could help me find a hotel
C. Rudy said that I could help me find a hotel
D. Rudy asked me to find a hotel for him
E. Rudy asked me whether he could help me find a hotel
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